High yield cultivation of sesame

The economic value of sesame is very high, and there are many practical ways for seeds. The by-products can be used as feed and fertilizer, and can be further processed into various products. Moreover, sesame is a good pre planting for autumn crops such as wheat, which is conducive to the combination of planting and land cultivation, and improving soil fertility. The experiment proved that the high quality and high yield of sesame can be obtained as long as good varieties and methods are added and high level cultivation measures are implemented.

1. Selection of good varieties is the internal cause of high yield. In recent years, Hanzhi 98-8, ezhi-3, Hesheng black sesame No.1, heizhi 2078, etc. have performed well in recent years. They have good comprehensive characters, yield can reach more than 100 kg / mu, and have strong adaptability, so they can be planted all over the country.

2. The disease will be aggravated by continuous cropping of sesame. According to the survey, sesame continuous cropping for 1 years, the incidence rate of field was more than 50%, and continuous cropping was 80% in 2 years. Therefore, it is better to implement 3-4-year rotation with corn, sweet potato, soybean, sorghum, cotton and other crops.

3. In the reform of ditch box, sesame is not resistant to waterlogging, and it is easy to be infected by disease after waterlogging, and the root system is poor, especially easy to be blown down by wind in the later stage. Therefore, it should be changed into deep ditch and narrow box, so that the field can not only drain open water, but also filter dark stains, so that sesame can grow normally. Generally, the width of the box is 1.5-2 meters, the width of the box groove is about 30 cm, and the depth of the ditch should be deeper than the plough layer.

4. Under the premise of early sowing in suitable period, double layer sowing should be carried out, that is, after the land is ploughed, one layer of seeds should be sandwiched immediately, and then a single harrow should be raked once, and then one layer of planting should be sown again. Finally, the horizontal harrow, straight harrow and diagonal cross weeding harrow should be carried out to smash and level the soil. The advantages of sowing in this way are: when the weather is dry and the land is dry, the seeds at the bottom can absorb water and come out on time; when the soil moisture is sufficient in rainy days, the shallow seeds in the upper layer can sprout completely. It can ensure the double insurance of drought and rainy days to ensure that the whole seedling is sown at one time.

5. Reasonable close planting can yield more than 100 kg / mu,

The planting density of sesame was as follows

There are about 15000-18000 single stem varieties with plant spacing of 13-16 cm and row spacing of 26 cm;

There are 8000-10000 branching varieties with plant spacing of 22-24 cm and row spacing of 33 cm.

After the emergence of sesame seeds, the seedlings should be timely seeded. "If you want to eat sesame oil, break the crosshead first". That is to say, the first thinning should be carried out when the first pair of true leaves is pulled out, and the second thinning should be carried out when the leaves do not overlap with the leaves; when the leaves are 3-4 leaves, the second thinning should be carried out to promote the balanced and healthy growth of sesame seedlings and prevent "seedling waste seedlings". When the seedlings are thinned, the seedlings should be transplanted and replanted with soil in time. When the sesame grows to 12-15 cm, it is necessary to carry out the last thinning and seedling setting immediately.

6. Within 3 days after sowing, the chemical weeding should be sprayed evenly on the soil surface with 20-250 ml of 48% lasso EC, 100 ml of 72% duel EC or 60% of henex EC per mu, diluted with water. If the soil drought is serious, irrigation should be first, then sowing, spraying. For the soil with heavy clay or rich organic matter, the dosage should be increased by 20%. In addition, the stem and leaf treatment agent can also be used directly to spray weeds after emergence. When most grass weeds are in the 3-4 leaf stage, 20-30 ml of 10.8% high-efficiency turmeric EC or 15% SC EC can be used to kill 40-50 ml of EC or 70-100 ml of 5% SC EC per mu. After diluted with 40-50 kg of water, the mixture should be sprayed in the early days after rain or when there is dew in the morning and evening. When the soil is dry, the dilution water consumption should be increased. Stem and leaf treatment agent should be used twice in rainy season.

7. Scientific fertilization should be based on sufficient basic fertilizer, 2500 kg of high-quality farm manure per mu, 25-30 kg of superphosphate, and 5 kg of urea when organic fertilizer is insufficient. Before application, the phosphate fertilizer and farmyard manure were mixed and composted for more than 15 days, and then applied to the soil during shallow tillage and stubble removal.

The flowering and capsule setting stage is the most vigorous growth period of sesame, and it is also the peak period of fertilizer demand. Nutrient absorption accounts for about 70% of the total amount. Therefore, it is necessary to apply more flower fertilizer to meet the demand. It has been proved by practice that topdressing with flower fertilizer can increase the yield by more than 30%. The top dressing method is to apply nitrogen fertilizer to soil and spray phosphorus, potassium and boron outside the root. At the initial flowering stage, ammonium sulfate 10n15kg / mu or urea 7.5-10kg / Mu was applied. At the same time, the mixed solution of 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax was used for foliar spraying, once every 5 days or twice continuously.

8. Timely topping the main stem growth point of sesame will consume a lot of nutrients due to the existence of apical growth advantages, so that the flowers and capsules formed at the upper end of the stem can not get nutrients and develop poorly, forming invalid fruit. Topping can reduce the consumption, promote the growth and enrichment of capsule, reduce the shedding of flower organs, thus increasing the seed weight and grain weight, and increasing the yield. Generally, after the full fruit period, when the top leaf nodes of the main stem are clustered and almost stop growing, the terminal buds should be removed in the morning on sunny days.

9. The main diseases of sesame are stem spot blight, Fusarium wilt, damping off, anthrax, bacterial wilt and virus diseases, and the main pests are Agrotis Tigris, aphids, mirids, etc. After the occurrence of these diseases and insect pests, it will cause poor growth or death of sesame, which has a great impact on Yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control, especially to timely select the right drugs to control the diseases and insect pests in the initial period.

10. The suitable harvest time is when most of the leaves turn yellow, some leaves fall off, the top of the stem is 4-6cm, and the capsule at the bottom is 4-6cm. Early harvest is not high yield, harvest too late loss.